The Doctoral Programmes in which CES is involved seek to respond to a demand for inter and transdisciplinary training in areas and subjects in the field of social sciences, of the arts and of the humanities where CES research is particularly strong. They constitute a diverse, living and dynamic reality. Over time, for one reason or another, some of them fail to live up to expectations or wear out. Therefore, their offer ceases to exist. Nonetheless, they remain part of the institution’s history.